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Human papillomavirus in women - symptoms and treatment

If warts appear near the anus, it means that human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. A dangerous infection, which in the active stage can lead to oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment should be timely.

What is Human Papillomavirus

HPV is a common genital infection that, through active cell division, causes the appearance of warts in the intimate areas. The group of viruses of the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is the world's largest population of about 60% of the population is infected. In most cases, the virus has been in a latent form in the body for many years.

incubation

Replication lasts for 3 months, when the virus does not manifest in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies. It affects healthy tissue. The immunity of young women eliminates HPV on its own in 80–90% of cases. In the remaining 10–20% the infection progresses, the disease becomes chronic.

transition route

Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:

  • Sexual. The main route of infection, in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
  • Contact and household. Use of sick person's things, clothing, shoes, household items.
  • From mother to fetus. If the mother is infected then HPV is passed on to the baby to proceed through the birth canal.
  • Contact. Coming into contact with the skin of an infected person.

Causes of HPV in Women

Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases, and no treatment is required. In the rest of the patients, it becomes active, recurs. The causes of HPV in women are:

  • viral diseases;
  • early sexual activity;
  • HIV / AIDS;
  • frequent change of sexual partners;
  • immunosuppressive therapy;
  • unprotected intercourse;
  • long-term medication;
  • childbirth, repeated miscarriages;
  • diabetes;
  • drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
  • chronic diseases of the genital area;
  • Weak immunity after illness.

what is dangerous

Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. To exclude uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer, timely determine DNA virus and start treatmentnecessary. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infection of the fetus. If a woman falls ill while conceiving, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the organs of the child are fully formed.

Oncogenic HPV Types

Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV in women are distinguished:

  • Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
  • Less oncogenic. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40-44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of stimulating factors, the development of a malignant tumorpossible.
  • Moderate oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provoking factors, cancer develops.
  • Highly oncogenic. HPV types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. More likely to develop oncology.

HPV 16 and 18 types

HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe invades the body's cells, blocking the antitumor defense. In the genital area, anal, gray spots with a rough surface appear. Over time, warts, papillomas and condylomas appearare formed. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.

HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reducing the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for malignant tumors. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and wartsCauses.

symptoms of infection

Symptoms of infection depend on the strain contracted by the individual. At first, the HPV carrier does not experience discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. Under the influence of provoking factors, the following symptoms of HPV appear:

  • pain in the external genitals;
  • burning, vaginal discharge;
  • neoplasms of the skin;
  • Pain during intercourse.

papillomas and condylomas

Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. 6, 11 Genital warts appear when infected with the virus. The growth is flesh-colored, outwardly reminiscent of cauliflower. This type of neoplasm often leads to malignancyThere are prone, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. Rashes are numerous, may merge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury for such an erection on a thin leg.

Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Growths of a dense consistency on the legs vary in color (pink, brown, yellow). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease cannot be cured. StrongWith immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.

warts

In women, the following types of warts are distinguished in size:

  • Simple (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet, caused by HPV types 1, 2.
  • Filamentous. Nodules on the leg are located on the genitals, in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands.
  • Flat (young). Localized on the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own as they grow older. 3, 5 Caused by types of viruses.

diagnosis

In order to speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be examined and correctly determine the type of virus. The woman is registered in the department of venereal diseases if there is a dangerous situation. Diagnosis is complicated, it consists of the followingMethods include:

  • Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and localization.
  • Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use Lugol's solution, acetic acid.
  • Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is performed to confirm or exclude oncology.
  • PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
  • ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). This is done to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effects of the virus.

Pap test or Pap smear test

This method is used in gynecology. To determine cancerous changes in the epithelium, a scraping is performed from the cervix. Materials are taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane of the inner part of the cervix and the vaginal fornixIt is stained, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancerous cells.

The steps to evaluate the results are as follows:

  • lack of microbial flora;
  • initial stage of atypical cells;
  • abnormal structure of the nucleus;
  • cells with an irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
  • High concentration of malignant cells.

PCR diagnostics

To determine the DNA regions characteristic of papillomavirus, a scraping is performed from the vagina. With a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:

  • LG up to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
  • There is a huge amount of LG 3-5 papillomavirus.
  • 5 to lg - high concentration of HPV.

Digene Test

It is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (over 96 percent), detects HPV at an early stage and has a tendency to oncology. determines, which is often combined with a cytological study. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for rapid results.

Treatment of papillomavirus in women

Complex HPV therapy includes the following areas:

  • excision of growths on the skin;
  • taking antiviral drugs;
  • Immunostimulating treatment course.

Condylomas and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are easy to injure. In addition, the neoplasm can grow. Such growths are best removed by surgery. Otherwise, there is an increased risk that the skin may develop. The lesions will soon become cancerous.

Medicine

To strengthen the immune system, it is necessary to take drugs to reduce the activity of the virus. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for the complex treatment of HPV:

  • Local antiseptics. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. In this way, you can remove small growths on the skin, stopping their growth.
  • Antiviral. The composition of the drugs contains an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies are produced against the infection.
  • Immunomodulators. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomaviruses, inhibit the growth of the skin, increase the resistance of the pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.

Surgery

To prevent the development of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:

  • Laser therapy. Cauterization of growth with a laser. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerability, quick rehabilitation.
  • Cryodestruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. After the procedure, scars do not remain on the body.
  • Diathermocoagulation. Growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
  • Radio wave treatment. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, does not leave scars, and has minimal medical contraindications.
  • Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive lesions of soft tissues, suspicion of oncology. The damage is scarring.

folk remedies

To overcome the manifestations of papillomavirus in the complex treatment plan, methods of alternative medicine are used. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to eliminate the neoplasm on the skin without any consequencesTo remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:

  • Pull off a fresh stem of celandine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Do the procedure 1 time / day until the wart dries up and falls off on its own.
  • Lubricate the wart with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Proceed until the build-up disappears.
  • Squeeze the juice of garlic, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Do the procedure 2-3 times / day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
  • Cut the rowan berry in half. Apply on the wart, secure with a plaster. Do the procedure before going to bed, positive dynamics is noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
  • Mix lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply to external growths 2-3 times/day, until they fall off.
Folk remedies for HPV in women

To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, healing decoctions and infusions instead of tea can be included in the complex treatment plan. Folk remedies with immunostimulating properties are as follows:

  • Coniferous infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. Located needles 1 cup boiling water. Boil over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, filter, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
  • Chinese onions. Cook for 10 minutes in boiling water. Onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times / day before meals (may be added honey).

prophylaxis

It is difficult to choose the right drug and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has many side effects. You need to take care of preventive measures in time. Medical recommendations are as follows:

  • Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
  • Get tested for HPV 2 times/year.
  • Eliminate promiscuous sex.
  • Use barrier contraception.
  • Strengthen the immune system (especially during periods of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
  • Monitor your medicine intake.
  • Lead an active lifestyle, play sports.

Prevention of HPV in women involves vaccination. Stable vaccination is able to protect against only 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.